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Cacti Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/lib/php/session) in Unknown on line 0

Summary:

Warning: Unknown: write failed: No space left on device (28) in Unknown on line 0 Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/lib/php/session) in Unknown on line 0 

Problem or Goal:

Not able to login to the cacti GUI with error as seen in the screen shot below:

Cause:

The root partition on the hard disk was full at 100%

Solution:

Free up some space on the root partition, i did this by emptying some log files, the biggest log file was "mysqld.log"

Empty this log file using the command below:

# cat /dev/null > mysqld.log

Restart the services:

[root@localhost log]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

[root@localhost log]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
                                                           [  OK  ]

[root@localhost log]# /etc/init.d/snmpd restart
Stopping snmpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting snmpd:                                            [  OK  ]

Problem Solved?

Yes, the login works fine and the cacti tool is back to normal.

CACTI: CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: A DB Exec Failed!, Error:'145', SQL

Summary:

PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: A DB Exec Failed!, Error:'1194', SQL:

Problem or Goal:

Cacti graphs/weathermap stopped polling after power failure on the server.
When you "tail" the "cacti.log" you observe the errors below:

# cd /var/www/html/log
# tail -100 cacti.log

03/16/2018 02:51:02 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: A DB Exec Failed!, Error:'1194', SQL:"DELETE FROM plugin_hmib_hrSWRun WHERE host_id IN(SELECT id FROM host WHERE disabled='on' OR host.status=1)'
03/16/2018 02:51:02 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: A DB Exec Failed!, Error:'1194', SQL:"INSERT INTO plugin_hmib_hrSWRun_last_seen (host_id, name, total_time)  SELECT DISTINCT host_id, name, 300 AS `total_time`  FROM plugin_hmib_hrSWRun  WHERE host_id=1  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE last_seen=NOW(),total_time=total_time+VALUES(total_time)'
03/16/2018 02:51:03 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT * FROM poller_item WHERE local_data_id IN (481) ORDER by host_id"
03/16/2018 02:51:03 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) FROM poller_item WHERE (action=2)"
03/16/2018 02:51:03 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) from poller_item WHERE action=2"
03/16/2018 02:51:03 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT  poller_output_rt.output,  poller_output_rt.time,  poller_output_rt.local_data_id,  poller_item.rrd_path,  poller_item.rrd_name,  poller_item.rrd_num  FROM (poller_output_rt,poller_item)  WHERE (poller_output_rt.local_data_id=poller_item.local_data_id  AND poller_output_rt.rrd_name=poller_item.rrd_name)  AND poller_output_rt.poller_id = 7362"
03/16/2018 02:51:07 PM - SYSTEM HMIB STATS: time:5.2000 processes:10 hosts:1
03/16/2018 02:51:15 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT * FROM poller_item WHERE local_data_id IN (481) ORDER by host_id"
03/16/2018 02:51:15 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) FROM poller_item WHERE (action=2)"
03/16/2018 02:51:15 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) from poller_item WHERE action=2"
03/16/2018 02:51:15 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT  poller_output_rt.output,  poller_output_rt.time,  poller_output_rt.local_data_id,  poller_item.rrd_path,  poller_item.rrd_name,  poller_item.rrd_num  FROM (poller_output_rt,poller_item)  WHERE (poller_output_rt.local_data_id=poller_item.local_data_id  AND poller_output_rt.rrd_name=poller_item.rrd_name)  AND poller_output_rt.poller_id = 28859"
03/16/2018 02:51:19 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT * FROM poller_item WHERE local_data_id IN (481) ORDER by host_id"
03/16/2018 02:51:19 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) FROM poller_item WHERE (action=2)"
03/16/2018 02:51:19 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) from poller_item WHERE action=2"
03/16/2018 02:51:19 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT  poller_output_rt.output,  poller_output_rt.time,  poller_output_rt.local_data_id,  poller_item.rrd_path,  poller_item.rrd_name,  poller_item.rrd_num  FROM (poller_output_rt,poller_item)  WHERE (poller_output_rt.local_data_id=poller_item.local_data_id  AND poller_output_rt.rrd_name=poller_item.rrd_name)  AND poller_output_rt.poller_id = 32133"
03/16/2018 02:51:31 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Assoc Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT * FROM poller_item WHERE local_data_id IN (481) ORDER by host_id"
03/16/2018 02:51:31 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) FROM poller_item WHERE (action=2)"
03/16/2018 02:51:31 PM - CMDPHP: Poller[0] ERROR: SQL Cell Failed!, Error:'145', SQL:"SELECT count(*) from poller_item WHERE action=2"

Cause:

The errors above point to the cacti MySQL database.

Solution:

Time to repair your cacti database.
Thanks to the cacti developers, there is already a script developed for this purpose.

1. cd /var/www/html/cli - This is my root folder for my cacti installation, this might be different for other installations.

2. Look for the "repair_database.php" script and run it

[root@localhost cli]# ls -ltr
total 196
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5705 Jun  5  2012 poller_reindex_hosts.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5551 Jun  5  2012 upgrade_database.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  8260 Jun  5  2012 structure_rra_paths.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5107 Jun  5  2012 repair_templates.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  7963 Jun  5  2012 repair_database.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  8778 Jun  5  2012 reorder_data_query.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4496 Jun  5  2012 rebuild_poller_cache.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3444 Jun  5  2012 poller_output_empty.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5350 Jun  5  2012 poller_graphs_reapply_names.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5759 Jun  5  2012 poller_data_sources_reapply_names.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5485 Jun  5  2012 import_template.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6116 Jun  5  2012 host_update_template.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5090 Jun  5  2012 data_template_associate_rra.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3065 Jun  5  2012 copy_user.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4139 Jun  5  2012 convert_innodb.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3370 Jun  5  2012 analyze_database.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  9887 Jun  5  2012 add_tree.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  6876 Jun  5  2012 add_perms.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  5940 Jun  5  2012 add_graph_template.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18738 Jun  5  2012 add_graphs.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11403 Jun  5  2012 add_device.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  7372 Jun  5  2012 add_data_query.php
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  3916 Jun  5  2012 plugins.php

3. Run the repair script as below

[root@localhost cli]# php repair_database.php 

Repairing All Cacti Database Tables

Repairing Table -> 'cdef' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'cdef_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'colors' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_input' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_input_data' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_input_fields' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_local' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_daily' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_hourly' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_hourly_cache' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_hourly_last' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_monthly' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_weekly' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_source_stats_yearly' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_template' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_template_data' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_template_data_rra' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'data_template_rrd' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_local' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_template_input' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_template_input_defs' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_templates' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_templates_gprint' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_templates_graph' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_templates_item' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_tree' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'graph_tree_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host_graph' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host_snmp_cache' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host_snmp_query' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host_template' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host_template_graph' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'host_template_snmp_query' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_aggregated_ports' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_approved_macs' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_device_types' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_devices' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_interface_graphs' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_interfaces' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_ip_ranges' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_ips' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_macauth' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_macwatch' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_oui_database' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_ports' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_processes' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_scan_dates' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_scanning_functions' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_sites' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_snmp' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_snmp_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_temp_ports' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'mac_track_vlans' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_color_template_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_color_templates' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_graph_templates' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_graph_templates_item' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_graphs' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_graphs_graph_item' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_aggregate_graphs_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_autom8_graph_rule_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_autom8_graph_rules' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_autom8_match_rule_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_autom8_tree_rule_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_autom8_tree_rules' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_config' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_db_changes' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_discover_hosts' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_discover_template' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_flowview_devices' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_flowview_dnscache' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_flowview_ports' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_flowview_queries' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_flowview_schedules' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrDevices' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrProcessor' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrSWInstalled' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrSWRun' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrSWRun_ignore' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrSWRun_last_seen' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrStorage' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrSystem' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_hrSystemTypes' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_processes' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hmib_types' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_hooks' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_maint_hosts' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_maint_schedules' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_nectar' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_nectar_items' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_notification_lists' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_realms' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_thold_contacts' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_thold_host_failed' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_thold_log' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_thold_template_contact' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'plugin_thold_threshold_contact' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_command' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_item' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_output' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_output_boost' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_output_boost_processes' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_output_rt' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_reindex' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'poller_time' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'rra' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'rra_cf' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'settings' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'settings_graphs' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'settings_tree' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'snmp_query' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'snmp_query_graph' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'snmp_query_graph_rrd' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'snmp_query_graph_rrd_sv' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'snmp_query_graph_sv' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'thold_data' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'thold_template' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'user_auth' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'user_auth_perms' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'user_auth_realm' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'user_log' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'version' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'weathermap_auth' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'weathermap_data' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'weathermap_groups' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'weathermap_maps' Successful

Repairing Table -> 'weathermap_settings' Successful

NOTE: Checking for Invalid Cacti Templates

NOTE: 1 Invalid CDEF Item Rows Found in Graph Templates

WARNING: Serious Cacti Template Problems found in your Database.  Using the '--force' option will remove

the invalid records.  However, these changes can be catastrophic to existing data sources.  Therefore, you 

should contact your support organization prior to proceeding with that repair.

Problem Solved?

Yes, cacti graphs and weathermap will be restored

How to configure forwarding policy on Ericsson SmartEdge Router (Redback Networks Router)

Summary:

The main purpose of this article is to show you how you can configure forwarding policy on Ericsson SmartEdge router. This is the equivalent of policy based routing (PBR) as implemented in Cisco or Juniper router platforms.

#show version 

Redback Networks SmartEdge OS Version SEOS-6.2.1.2-Release
Built by sysbuild@SWB-node08 Fri Jan 29 16:06:29 PST 2010
Copyright (C) 1998-2010, Redback Networks Inc. All rights reserved.
System Bootstrap version is Mips,rev2.0.2.42
Installed minikernel version is 11.7

Problem or Goal:

Forwarding policy is useful in many real life traffic or production environments. The most popular use cases include:
1. If you want to direct traffic to a proxy server
2. If you want to redirect traffic to HTTP page or server (HTTP-Redirect) - not covered in this example.
3. Policy Based Routing (PBR) - where you forward traffic to a next hop (router or server)
4. Forwarding traffic to a cache server 
5. Forward traffic to a content optimizer or content accelerator (say for TCP acceleration)

Cause:

Refer to the use cases above

Solution:

Refer to a scenario in the figure below where we wish to forward traffic from mobile subscriber to a tcp content accelerator server.

1. Create the policy access list inside context "INTERNET" - this is used to filter out the traffic of interest and mark it or label it. Traffic can be filter based on source address, destination address, port number, protocol, etc. The filtered traffic is then identified using a class label.

#context INTERNET
#configure
#context INTERNET

 policy access-list subscriber_towards_internet
  seq 10 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any class cls-CLASS1
  seq 100 permit ip any any class cls-DEFAULT

 policy access-list internet_towards_subscriber
  seq 10 permit tcp any 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 class cls-CLASS1
  seq 100 permit ip any any class cls-DEFAULT

2. Create the forward policy inside context "INTERNET" and apply the relevant access group (access-list in (1) above).

#context INTERNET
#configure
#context INTERNET

forward policy fp1_subscriber_to_internet 
 access-group subscriber_towards_internet INTERNET
  class cls-DEFAULT
  class cls-CLASS1
   redirect destination next-hop 10.10.10.10
!
forward policy fp2_internet_to_subscriber 
 access-group internet_towards_subscriber INTERNET
  class cls-DEFAULT
  class cls-CLASS1
   redirect destination next-hop 10.10.10.10

3. Now apply the forward policies to the relevant ports on the router interface, be mindful of the direction of the flow of traffic. For our example we are looking at traffic flowing in the "IN" direction, that is; traffic flowing from the outside towards inside.

#configure
port ethernet 1/1
 description Connection_to_upstream_provider
 no shutdown
  forward policy internet_towards_subscriber in

#configure
port ethernet 1/2
 description Connection_to_subscriber_network
 no shutdown
  forward policy subscriber_towards_internet in 

Problem Solved?

Yes, subscriber traffic was successfully forwarded to 10.10.10.10 the TCP accelerator server in both directions; that is subscriber request from mobile phone toward internet is first forwarded to TCP accelerator which fetch the request on behalf of the subscriber, and also the response returning from the internet towards subscriber is first forwarded to the TCP accelerator which servers it back to the subscriber. In this way we archive TCP acceleration in both directions. 

Download Burst Size Calculator for QOS rate limiting calculations (metering and policing)

Summary: 

For ISP network engineers implementing QOS policy for rate limiting. That is metering and policing.
This will help you in determining the proper burst size; Normal burst (in bytes) or Extended Burst (in bytes). The higher the burst size, the better the quality of experience for your subscribers when the configured bandwidth is over-utilized.

This calculation is based on a formula provided by CISCO.

Credits: Brian

Problem or Goal:

Burst-size limit is very important while implementing QOS policy

A policer burst-size limit controls the number of bytes of traffic that can pass unrestricted through a policed interface when a burst of traffic pushes the average transmit or receive rate above the configured bandwidth limit. The actual number of bytes of bursty traffic allowed to pass through a policed interface can vary from zero to the configured burst-size limit, depending on the overall traffic load.

Cause:

Setting burst size helps to alleviate the aggressive bandwidth shaping caused by rate limiting configurations.

Solution:

Download Burst Size Calculator here

Download from my dropbox here

Problem Solved?

Yes